Restoring NK cell functions in AML relapse
In this issue of Blood, Wang et al demonstrate that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP)–mediated activation of TGF-β1 by regulatory T cells (Tregs) downregulates the effector functions of natural killer (NK) cells in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with early relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), and that pharmacologic blockade of TGF-β1 signaling using galunisertib or anti-TGF-β1 antibodies can restore the killer instinct of human NK cells.